The Korean government announced in October, 2010 its “Strategic Plan for International Development Cooperation” to increase the budget for sponsoring NGOs with an approximately tenfold increase on the support in 2010 by 2015, which is an indication of its willingness to cooperate with civil society. Along with such changes, “CSO Partnership Programs”, one of the leading civil society cooperation programs supported by KOICA, had a need to secure a firm theoretical basis and fine-tune its system and policies. There has also been a need for comprehensive research to adopt the changing expectations of the international community and Korean society. It was against this backdrop that this study was undertaken to develop cooperation programs with civil society while taking into account the trends on the international scene, changes in Korean society, relationships among various stakeholders, including the government and civil societies, their capacities and roles, and the likelihood of actual implementation of such programs.